Valve and method of manufacturing same



Sept. 22, 1931. 7M. J. BOYLE 1,824,322

VALVE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAME Filed March 19, 1926 1 :3 5. g g Z47 20' and fastened onto the stem during the forg Patented Sept. 22, 1931 i MICHAEL J. BOYLE, or cnrcAeo, runners 1 7 VALVE YAND METHOD or nnnuraoronmq sans;

'Applieation filed March s, manna no. 95,880}

This invention relates to valves such as used for internal combustion engines and to a method whereby the valve head is forged ing operation. I a The objects of this invention-are to provide an improved valve'for' internalcombustion engines and more particularly automobile engines; to provide a valve having-a novel seating portion; to provide a'valve' in which a predeterminedheat may be'retained at the upper surface during the operation thereof; to provide a method of manufacturing valves whereby the head will be securely fastened to the stem; to provide a method of forging a valvehead and simultaneously welding itto the stem as well as covering a portion of the stem to protect the same; and to provide such otherimprovements as will be described more fully hereinafter.

In the accompanying drawings'illujstrating this inventionz.v

Figure l is a sectional view showinga stem 3 with a blank or billet in position thereon while being heated by electric current;

Figure 2 is a sectional'view showing. the first pressing or forming operat on;

Figure :3 is a sectional o final forming or forging operation; and

chrome, nickel, steel or the like, isinserted in I the hole 6. The blank and adjacent portion of the stem is then heated in any suitable manner, but preferably by electricityr This is accomplished by inserting the blank between two terminals 8 and 921s indicated in Figure land allowing the eurrentto pass therethrough until the blankiis raised toj a forging or welding heat. I The stem and blank are then placed' in a die 10 as shown in Figure 2 which. is'mounted in a suitable,- press, andthe-stein 7 is-held in a guide in 1ew= "sho'wing the the usual manner. -A'cooperating die 11 is then pressed downwardly over the blank'and the blank is then forged into theform shown in Figure 2,, Inthisfirst operation, a disk orofiange 12 is formed witli an-ann'ular seat 13 on its lower face. The-lower end of-the blank,"which is tapered or out aw'ayas shownv at 1 9, .is also thickened and formed into a tapered sleeve orprojectionl which extends downwardly forsome distance below the disk 12. A groove 15 isalso formed adjacent to theinner circumference of'the seat 13 so that the disk issomewhat thinner at this point than itis at its oute'r portion. a "The stein and blank or partially-formed head-While held ing'the die 10 are then acted uponby a-seco'nd top die 16 as shown in Fig tire-3;. The stem'during these operations is supportedina guide 17 which may be made in any well known manner.'- The depth'of tljefguide is preferably adjustable for differjentlengths'ofsteins and to providean abutment fa t the bottomforsupporting the stem against longitudinal thrust. In orderto'indicate such-adjustability, I have shown a re-o which maybe made of any suitable length for difl'er'ent stems The'coa'cting die 16 is pressed downwardly against the top of the "blankya d the stem," andthe valve head 'is thencompletely forged asshown 'in Figure 3 andis preferably partly welded tothe stem,

movable plug 18 at the bottom ofthe guide the upperend of'which is alsoexpanded or headed, substantially as shown.

The 'completed'va'lve has a flange 20 which is preferably of thesame'diameter as'the disk 12an'd Whichis pressedfagainst'the disk in the forming operation, so; that it lies closely against'the same." j Inother words, these operationsprovide ahead 21'With an inwardly extending joint'22, as the flange and disk are not welded together. The die 16 which en- 'gageswith-theupper end of the stem 7 causes this end tobe expanded or riveted with'an "annular projection 23 which is embedded in the heajd 21 and inmost instances is welded "tothe h'ead,'a't least around itsouter edge, and for-"a short distance downwardly. The completed upper surfaceof'the valve will be seen -;to have a central concaveportion 24 with an outer beveled portion 25. The stem is also slightly bulged asshown at 26, due to the longitudinal pressure and this portion is enclosed in the sleeve or tapered extension 14:. This sleeve will not ordinarily be welded to the stem, as the pressure is not suflicient at this point to cause such welding action.

Thearrangement of the valve in an engine block 28 is shown in Figure 4, and the stem is positioned in the usual guide 29. In this arrangement, the valve seat 13 'engageswitha fiat seat 30 in the engine. Ina construction ofthis type, th'e'heat of the valve head is apt to be rapidly dissipated or transferred on coming in contact with the surface of the engine block which is usually oooled, either by water or other liquid, as shown, or by air. It is however desirable to have the uppersurface of the valve :kept su'liiciently hot soas to prevent the accumulation ofcarbon thereon,

as suchicar-bon is apt to accumulate if the valve is cooled below a certain temperature.

Inmy cop'ending applicationfor valves and valve manufacturefl have shown a valve having a substantially .solid head and one which is particularly adapted for exhaust valves, as the cooling action'ju st'referred to tends'tokeep the valve cooled to the proper temperature. However, if such valve is used as an intake valve, it may, in. some cases,'run

, too cool and be subjectitothe accumulation of carbon. .The present-valve is constructed so that it is not apt to cool-as-rapidlyas a valve having asubstantial ly; solid heador as shown insu'ch copending application, and it is thereforeespecially adapted for use as an intake valve. It is well known that heat will not pass through a crack or joint oreven a weldedarea; as 'rapidl as ,through solid metal, therefore thecrac or joint 22-between the flange 20 and the disk 21 will tend to stop the heat/passing from the upper surface of the 'valvedown through the seat, and therefore,.a larger amount of heat, will be retained onthe upper surface, and it alsoprevents the cooling of'the upper surface by the incoming gas whenthe valve is used on the intake. The up'per'end of the stem also becomes heated, but as this heated area is relatively small, it will remain,sufiicientlyhot to prevent the accumulation of carbon on the exposed portion thereof. The double disk or double flanged head will also tend to prevent undue noise when the valve seats, and this arrangement will also tend. to provide a certain amount of flexibility for the engaging portion of the valve, thus aiding qu etoperat on and around. (the sameand flin subjecting, the

also .positive'seatin g of thegvalve, and also to prevent War-ping of the head "and as the upper portion of the'stem isprotected bythe sleeve '14, the'hot gases will not comein enprevents wearing-of the valve seat. The pe- 'c'uliar shape of thevalve is suchthatit tends be limited to the exact construction or. methodherein described, but What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. The method of manufacturing valves which consists in'inserting a valve stem in a blank, then heating the blank and the adjacent portion of thestem, then subjecting theblank and'stein toa forging act-ion where- 'bya disk will be formed on the blank, and

then subjecting the parts to a second forgmg actlonwhereby a flange w llbeformedwhich engages with. said disk and lies over the same and the end of-the stem Will be en-- larged and secured in the head.

2. The process of making valves which consists in placing. a cylindrical blank on a stem or rod, then heating the blank and adjacent portion of the stem, then forginga disk whichprojects outwardly from the central portion ofthe blank and then expanding the upper portion of the blank and stem whereby the valve head will be completed with a disk or annular portion overlying the first named disk. 7 w r 3. The -1nethod of valve manufacture which consists in providing a cylindrical blank having anaxial hole therethrough and having one end reduced, then inserting a stem in said holewith one end flush with the end of the blank, then heating the blank by electricity, then placing the blank and stem in a die and pressin-ga diskoutwardly from d the blank,- with a seat on the lower face thereof, and then pressing theparts another die andexpanding' the upper portion of the blank outwardly over the disk and enlarging the end of the stem which is embedded in-the blank and forming a sleeve which projects downwardly belowthedisk andengages with the stem.

' 4. A meth'od consisting in placing a blank on a stem and-heating thejsame,then forming a relatively thin web or disk WlIlCh PI'OjBCtS outwardlyflfromapproximately the center of the blank and finally pressing the end of the blank 'and stem to. form a relatively heavy disk which overlies the first named disk.

5. The method of forming valves which consistsin'subjecting a blank to a forging action to form an outwardly projecting disk ;gagestherewith. r 1

5A valve comprising a stem having an enlarged end, anda head formed of a single piece of metaljfitting over said end andhaving its outer periphery in the form of outwardly projecting overlapping leaves.

7. A valve comprising a stem with a head 7 formed of a single piece of metal forged and welded thereon, the end of the stem being enlarged and fitting in a corresponding recess in the head, the head having an outwardly extending lower disk with a seat thereon and having an outwardly extending upper-disk which contacts with the lower disk.

8. A valve head having an annular flange with a seat thereon, and an upper outwardly projecting flange which contacts with the first named flange, and which is forined integrally therewith. V

9. The combination of a stem having valve head formed of a billet and forged thereon, said head having a lower outwardly projecting annular web and having an upper integrally formed web or flange and also having a downwardly projecting sleeve for covering the adjacent portion of the stem.

10. A poppet valve having a head formed from a single billet and provided with a laminated integrally formed periphery.

11. A poppet valve comprising a stem with a head formed of a single piece of metal with laminated edges and having a projection enclosing the adjacent portions of the stem.

12. A valve head formed of a single piece of metal having its outer periphery made in the form of a plurality of overlapping portions fitting closely together.

MICHAEL J [BOYLE], 

